An infected tooth, also known as a dental abscess, can indeed cause a fever. This is because the infection doesn't stay localized; it can spread, triggering a systemic inflammatory response from your body, resulting in a fever. This article delves into the reasons why, the symptoms you should watch for, and what you should do if you suspect a tooth infection.
What Causes a Fever from a Tooth Infection?
A dental abscess occurs when bacteria infect the pulp (the inner part of your tooth containing nerves and blood vessels) or the tissues surrounding the tooth. This infection leads to the buildup of pus, a fluid containing white blood cells fighting the infection. As the infection spreads, your body's immune system goes into overdrive, releasing chemicals that raise your body temperature, resulting in a fever. The severity of the fever depends on the extent and severity of the infection.
What are the Symptoms of a Tooth Infection with a Fever?
A fever is one symptom, but several others indicate a possible tooth infection:
- Severe Toothache: This is often the first and most noticeable sign, ranging from mild discomfort to excruciating pain.
- Sensitivity to Hot and Cold: Your infected tooth will likely be extremely sensitive to temperature changes.
- Swelling: Swelling in your gums, face, or jaw is common, particularly near the infected tooth.
- Pus: You might notice a collection of pus near the infected tooth or a bad taste in your mouth.
- Difficulty Opening Your Mouth: Severe swelling can make it difficult to open your mouth fully.
- Headache: The infection can spread and cause headaches.
- Swollen Lymph Nodes: You might feel swollen lymph nodes in your neck or jaw.
- Chills and Sweats: These are common systemic responses to infection.
- Fatigue and Weakness: Feeling generally unwell is a common symptom.
How High Can a Fever Get from a Tooth Infection?
The fever associated with a tooth infection can range from mild (low-grade) to quite high. A low-grade fever might be around 100°F (37.8°C), while a more severe infection can cause a fever of 101°F (38.3°C) or higher. A high fever should be treated immediately as it can indicate a serious infection spreading beyond your mouth.
What Should I Do if I Have a Toothache and Fever?
If you experience a toothache accompanied by a fever, you should seek professional dental care immediately. Delaying treatment can allow the infection to worsen, potentially leading to serious complications like:
- Cellulitis: A spreading skin infection.
- Ludwig's Angina: A severe infection affecting the floor of the mouth.
- Sepsis: A life-threatening condition caused by the body's overwhelming response to infection.
How is a Tooth Infection Treated?
Treatment for a tooth infection typically involves:
- Root Canal: If the infection is confined to the pulp, a root canal might save the tooth. This procedure involves removing the infected pulp and sealing the tooth to prevent further infection.
- Extraction: In some cases, especially if the infection is severe or the tooth is beyond repair, extraction (removal of the tooth) might be necessary.
- Antibiotics: Your dentist may prescribe antibiotics to combat the infection, especially if it has spread beyond the tooth.
- Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain and fever, but they don't treat the infection itself.
Can a Tooth Infection Cause a Fever Without Pain?
While less common, it's possible to have a tooth infection with a fever and minimal or no pain. This is more likely to occur in cases where the infection is deeper or involves surrounding tissues. Even without significant pain, a fever warrants immediate dental attention.
When Should I Go to the Emergency Room?
Seek emergency medical care if you experience:
- A very high fever (over 103°F or 39.4°C).
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing.
- Severe swelling that obstructs your airway.
- Signs of sepsis, such as rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, and confusion.
Remember, a fever alongside a toothache is a serious sign and requires prompt professional attention. Don't hesitate to contact your dentist or seek emergency medical care if you're concerned. Early intervention is key to preventing serious complications.
